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在二重证据法思想的指导下,以新获得的中外资料为基础对尤金·山道(Eugen Sandow)的相关事迹进行考察,追溯中国健美运动的开始时间,一方面厘正“现代健美运动于1930年代传入中国”这一学界共识存在的谬误,另一方面提出其历史影响和当代启示。发现:(1)现代健美运动的消息在1896年首次传入我国,健美运动以1905年尤金·山道的上海巡演为开端正式传入我国。(2)尤金·山道及其事迹引发了彼时我国教育界、文化界、体育界、演艺界的广泛关注,并在国文教材、科普读物、报刊及影视作品中均有留存。(3)尤金·山道通过健美运动展示的理想化身体样板,对20世纪初我国各阶层身体观产生了潜移默化的濡染,加深了民众自身形象与国体之间相互表征的进程,成为进步阶层引领全民身体改造的动力源泉,为管理阶层借助英雄形象对国人实施身体治理提供了“合理性”依据。以史鉴今,当代健美运动的发展应以促进民众的身心健康与和谐发展为本质追求,以重塑青年的身体意识和男子气概为价值引领。
Abstract:Under the guidance of the double evidence method, this study, based on the newly obtained data in China and abroad, conducted an investigation on Eugen Sandow and traced back the beginning of bodybuilding in China. It aims to correct the mistake of academic consensus that "modern bodybuilding was introduced into China in the 1930s" on one hand, and on the other hand the historical value and contemporary enlightenment was proposed. The research found that:(1) The news of modern bodybuilding was first spread in China in 1896, and bodybuilding was officially into China in 1905, starting with Sandow's tour in Shanghai.(2) Sandow and his deeds aroused widespread concern in education, science, sports and art circles of China and recorded in Chinese textbooks, popular science books, newspapers, magazines and films as well as television works.(3) The idealized body model displayed by Sandow through bodybuilding exercise had a subtle influence on the body view of all walks of life in China in the early 20th century. And, it deepened the process of mutual representation between people's individual image and the national image, became the driving source for the progressive class to lead the physical transformation nationwide, providing a "reasonable" basis for the implementation of physical governance for Chinese people with the help of heroic images. Taking history as a mirror, the development of contemporary bodybuilding should promote the physical and mental health of the people in a harmonious development and take the remodeling of body consciousness and masculinity of the youth as the value pursuit.
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(1)山道是当前国内普遍接受的译名,20世纪前期对其翻译有孙唐、山都、孙都、三多、孙棠等。
基本信息:
DOI:10.16099/j.sus.2024.01.23.0004
中图分类号:G883
引用信息:
[1]赵犇,相建华,刘艳妮等.尤金·山道与中国健美运动的开端:溯源、影响及启示[J].上海体育大学学报,2025,49(05):103-114.DOI:10.16099/j.sus.2024.01.23.0004.
基金信息:
2024年新疆社会科学基金项目(2024BTY160); 2024年自治区高校基本科研业务费科研项目(XJEDU2024J072)