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从唾液成分、唾液采集和检测方法、运动训练对唾液生物标志物的影响3个方面进行研究综述，发现多数物质在唾液中的含量是血液中的1/10～1/1 000，较低的含量对唾液检测方法的精确度要求较高。被动流口水是常用的唾液样本采样方法，唾液样本采样时间点和测试分析方法尚未标准化。唾液睾酮、皮质醇、尿酸等多种唾液生物标志物含量与血液相应生物标志物含量有较强的相关性，为唾液生物标志物应用于运动训练提供了有利证据。激素从血液转运至唾液需要一定时间，建议短时间高强度训练后间歇10～20 min进行唾液采样以检测唾液睾酮和皮质醇含量。长时间高强度运动后唾液皮质醇增加，睾酮下降，有氧运动后唾液α-淀粉酶明显增加。未来仍需大量研究探讨不同运动训练与唾液生物标志物的关系，建立唾液样本应用于运动训练的采集、检测、分析和评价体系。
Abstract：The research discussed the issue from three aspects, the saliva components, saliva collection and detection methods, as well as the effects of training on saliva biomarkers. The results has found that the content of most biomarkers in saliva is about 1/10 to 1/1 000 of that in blood, and the lower content requires higher accuracy of saliva detection methods. Besides, passive drooling is a commonly used sampling method, while the time point of saliva collection and its analysis method have not been standardized. Salivary testosterone, cortisol, uric acid and other biomarkers have strong correlations with the content in the blood, which provides evidence for the application of saliva samples. It takes time for testosterone and cortisol to transfer from the blood to saliva, so it is recommended to collect saliva samples for about 10-20 minutes after a short-time high-intensity training to detect the content of saliva testosterone and saliva cortisol. Salivary cortisol increases and testosterone decreases after long-term high-intensity exercises while salivary α-amylase increases significantly after aerobic exercises. In the future, a lot of research is to be required to explore the relationship between different sports training and saliva biomarkers; saliva samples are to be established in the use of collection, detection, analysis and evaluation in sports training.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16099/j.sus.2021.08.25.0002
中图分类号:G808.1
引用信息:
[1]许毅枭,赵永才,高炳宏.唾液：应用于运动训练领域的潜力生物样本[J].上海体育学院学报,2022,46(10):84-94.DOI:10.16099/j.sus.2021.08.25.0002.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项（2019YFF0301603）; 上海市人类运动能力开发与保障重点实验室项目（11DZ2261100）