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基于文献法和历史社会学视角分析奥林匹克运动性别平等进程，探讨体育推动性别平等的机制及其对社会发展的意义。发现：在奥林匹克运动领域，性别平等无论是在显性层面还是隐性层面都取得了显著进展。显性平等主要体现在参与机会的逐步均等化；隐性平等则体现在比赛项目设置的优化、女性在体育组织中的角色和话语权增强，以及性别关系的平衡与调整过程。指出：奥林匹克运动中性别平等的演进历程反映了思想观念、制度安排与时代需求三者之间动态互动的复杂过程；奥林匹克运动通过个体赋能、制度建设、社会实践以及文化革新多个维度，为性别平等构建了一条从“体育”到“社会”的联动路径，凸显了体育作为社会变革力量的独特价值，不仅展示了体育在推动多元化、包容性和可持续性社会建设中的重要作用，也为“体育促进发展”理念提供了重要的实践经验和理论启示。
Abstract：Based on the literature review and a historical sociological perspective, this paper analyzes the centurylong progress of gender equality in the Olympic movement, exploring the mechanisms through which sports promote gender equality and their significance for social development. The findings reveal that gender equality within the Olympic movement has achieved significant progress on both explicit and implicit levels. Explicit equality is reflected in the gradual equalization of participation opportunities. Implicit equality, on the other hand,is evident in deeper aspects, including the optimization of event design, the enhanced roles and voices of women in sports organizations, and the balancing and adjustment of gender relations. The paper argues that the progress of gender equality in the Olympic movement is a dynamic process shaped by the interplay of ideas, institutions and the demands of the times. By establishing a comprehensive pathway from "sport" to "society", the Olympic movement advances gender equality through multiple dimensions, including individual empowerment, institutional development, social practice and cultural transformation. This approach not only highlights the unique value of sports as a catalyst for social change but also demonstrates their critical roles in fostering the development of a diverse, inclusive and sustainable society. Furthermore, it provides significant practical experiences and theoretical insights for the broader concept of "sport for development".
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(1)2024年巴黎奥运会的logo是一个结合了奥运金牌、奥林匹克火焰和玛丽安娜形象的设计。玛丽安娜并非某个具体的历史人物，而是法国革命及其价值观的拟人化形象。玛丽安娜通常以一位戴着弗里吉亚帽（象征自由）的女性形象呈现，是法国的国家象征之一，代表自由、平等和博爱。
(1)此数据为本文成文时的数据。
(2)此数据为本文成文时的数据，来源于国际奥委会执行委员会官网（https://olympics.com/ioc/executive-board）。
(1)2004年《奥林匹克宪章》第5条原文：Any form of discrimination with regard to a country or a person on grounds of race, religion,politics, gender or otherwise is incompatible with belonging to the Olympic Movement.
基本信息:
DOI：10.16099/j.sus.2024.12.05.0006
中图分类号:G811.21;D441
引用信息:
[1]熊欢,沈国芳,韩雪霏.从“厌女”到“平权”：奥林匹克运动性别平等的历史进程及社会启示[J].上海体育大学学报,2025,49(06):10-26.DOI:10.16099/j.sus.2024.12.05.0006.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金重点项目（22AZD161）
2025-06-15
2025-06-15